P.04 깨달음의 사성제(고,집,멸,도)

- 사성제는 불교의 핵심 가르침으로서 고통의 원인 해탈의 진리로
고,집,멸,도 라고 줄여 부른다.

■ 고제 : 고의 진리 -> 인생은 고통이다.

· 고제의 여덟가지 고통
1. 생고 : 태어남의 고통
2. 노고 : 늙음이 고통
3. 병고 : 병드는 고통
4. 사고 : 죽음의 고통
5. 애별리고 : 사랑하는 것과 헤어지는 고통
6. 원중회고 : 미운 사람과 함께 해야 하는 고통
7. 귀불득고 : 원하는 것을 얻지 못하는 고통
8. 오온성고 : 몸과 마음이 끊임없이 변화하며 생기는 고통

■ 집제 : 욕망이 고통의 뿌리다
- 모든 고통의 원인은 집착 (애욕, 갈애)
*갈애 : 감작적 쾌락, 존재에 대한 욕망, 비존재에 대한 욕망 등
*연기법 : 욕망 - 집착 - 존재 - 생 - 늙고죽음 - 고통

■ 멸제 : 욕망을 없애면 고통도 없어진다.
-고통의 원인을 없애면 고통은 사라진다.
- 욕망과 집착을 끊으면 고통도 멈춘다.
- 이 상태를 열반, 또는 해탈이라고 한다.

※ 열반은 단순한 무가 아니라 욕망과 번와가 완전히 소멸 된 상태, 참된 자유의 경지

■ 도제 : 팔정도를 실행하면 고통이 없어진다.

 

 

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인센스월드 인센스 스틱 - 인센스 | 쿠팡

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The Four Noble Truths (Saseongje) – The Core Teachings of Buddhism
Summarized as: Dukkha (Suffering), Samudaya (Origin), Nirodha (Cessation), Magga (Path)

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■ The Truth of Suffering (Dukkha – 고제)

Life is suffering.

The Eight Types of Suffering:

1. Birth (Jati-dukkha): The pain of being born
2. Aging (Jara-dukkha): The pain of growing old
3. Illness (Vyadhi-dukkha): The pain of getting sick
4. Death (Marana-dukkha): The pain of dying
5. Separation from loved ones (Appiya-sampayoga-dukkha)
6. Association with the hated (Piya-vippayoga-dukkha)
7. Not getting what one desires (Icchavighata-dukkha)
8. The suffering of the five aggregates (Pancakkhandha-dukkha): The constant change of body and mind

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■ The Truth of the Cause of Suffering (Samudaya – 집제)

Desire is the root of suffering.

• All suffering originates from craving and attachment (desire, lust, clinging).
• Types of craving (Tanha):
  • Craving for sensual pleasure
  • Craving for existence
  • Craving for non-existence
• Law of Dependent Origination (Paticcasamuppada):
  Craving → Clinging → Becoming → Birth → Aging & Death → Suffering

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■ The Truth of the Cessation of Suffering (Nirodha – 멸제)

Eliminating desire ends suffering.

• When the cause of suffering is removed, suffering ceases.
• If we extinguish craving and attachment, suffering comes to an end.
• This state is known as Nirvana or Liberation (Nibbana).

※ Nirvana is not mere emptiness, but a state where all craving and defilements are extinguished — a state of true freedom.

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■ The Truth of the Path (Magga – 도제)

Following the Eightfold Path ends suffering.